A TALE OF TWO GENOCIDES: NAMIBIA’S STAND AGAINST ISRAELI AGGRESSION

APRIL 18TH, 2024

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Dr. Ramzy Baroud is a journalist, author and the Editor of The Palestine Chronicle. He is the author of six books. His latest book, co-edited with Ilan Pappé, is ‘Our Vision for Liberation: Engaged Palestinian Leaders and Intellectuals Speak Out.’ His other books include ‘My Father Was a Freedom Fighter’ and ‘The Last Earth.’ Baroud is a Non-resident Senior Research Fellow at the Center for Islam and Global Affairs (CIGA). His website is www.ramzybaroud.net

Ramzy Baroud

The distance between Gaza and Namibia is measured in the thousands of kilometers. But the historical distance is much closer. This is precisely why Namibia was one of the first countries to take a strong stance against the Israeli genocide in Gaza.

Namibia was colonized by the Germans in 1884, while the British colonized Palestine in the 1920s, handing the territory to the Zionist colonizers in 1948.

Though the ethnic and religious fabric of Palestine and Namibia differ, the historical experiences are similar.

It is easy, however, to assume that the history that unifies many countries in the Global South is only that of Western exploitation and victimization. It is also a history of collective struggle and resistance.

Namibia has been inhabited since prehistoric times. This long-rooted history has allowed Namibians, over thousands of years, to establish a sense of belonging to the land and to one another, something that the Germans did not understand or appreciate.

When the Germans colonized Namibia, giving it the name of ‘German Southwest Africa,’’ they did what all other Western colonialists have done, from Palestine to South Africa to Algeria, to virtually all Global South countries. They attempted to divide the people, exploited their resources and butchered those who resisted.

Although a country with a small population, Namibians resisted their colonizers, resulting in the German decision to simply exterminate the natives, literally killing the majority of the population.

Since the start of the Israeli genocide in Gaza, Namibia answered the call of solidarity with the Palestinians, along with many African and South American countries, including Colombia, Nicaragua, Cuba, South Africa, Brazil, China and many others.

Though intersectionality is a much-celebrated notion in Western academia, no academic theory is needed for oppressed, colonized nations in the Global South to exhibit solidarity with one another.

So when Namibia took a strong stance against Israel’s largest military supporter in Europe – Germany – it did so based on Namibia’s total awareness of its history.

The German genocide of the Nama and Herero people (1904-1907) is known as the “first genocide of the 20th century”. The ongoing Israeli genocide in Gaza is the first genocide of the 21st century. The unity between Palestine and Namibia is now cemented through mutual suffering.

However, Namibia did not launch a legal case against Germany at the International Court of Justice (ICJ); it was Nicaragua, a Central American country thousands of miles away from Palestine and Namibia.

The Nicaraguan case accuses Germany of violating the ‘Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.’ It rightly sees Germany as a partner in the ongoing genocide of the Palestinians.

This accusation alone should terrify the German people, in fact, the whole world, as Germany has been affiliated with genocides from its early days as a colonial power. The horrific crime of the Holocaust and other mass killings carried out by the German government against Jews and other minority groups in Europe during WWII is a continuation of other German crimes committed against Africans decades earlier.

The typical analysis of why Germany continues to support Israel is explained based on German guilt over the Holocaust. This explanation, however, is partly illogical and partly erroneous.

It is illogical because if Germany has, indeed, internalized any guilt from its previous mass killings, it would make no sense for Berlin to add yet more guilt by allowing Palestinians to be butchered en masse. If guilt indeed exists, it is not genuine. It is erroneous because it completely overlooks the German genocide in Namibia. It took the German government until 2021 to acknowledge the horrific butchery in that poor African country, ultimately agreeing to pay merely one billion euros in ‘community aid,’ which will be allocated over three decades.

The German government’s support of the Israeli war on Gaza is not motivated by guilt but by a power paradigm that governs the relations among colonial countries. Many countries in the Global South understand this logic very well, thus the growing solidarity with Palestine.

A photo titled “Captured Hereros,” taken circa 1904 by German colonists in Namibia. Photo | German Historical Museum
A photo titled “Captured Hereros,” taken circa 1904 by German colonists in Namibia. Photo | German Historical Museum

The Israeli brutality in Gaza, but also the Palestinian sumud, resilience and resistance, are inspiring the Global South to reclaim its centrality in anti-colonial liberation struggles.

The revolution in the Global South’s outlook—culminating in South Africa’s case at the ICJ and the Nicaraguan lawsuit against Germany—indicates that change is not the outcome of a collective emotional reaction. Instead, it is part and parcel of the shifting relationship between the Global South and the Global North.

Africa has been undergoing a process of geopolitical restructuring for years. The anti-French rebellions in West Africa, demanding true independence from the continent’s former colonial masters, and the intense geopolitical competition involving Russia, China and others are all signs of changing times. And with this rapid rearrangement, a new political discourse and popular rhetoric are emerging, often expressed in the revolutionary language emanating from Niger, Burkina Faso, Mali and others.

But the shift is not happening only on the rhetorical front. The rise of BRICS as a powerful new platform for economic integration between Asia and the rest of the Global South has opened up the possibility of alternatives to Western financial and political institutions.

In 2023, it was revealed that BRICS countries hold 32 percent of the world’s total GDP, compared to 30 percent held by the G7 countries. This has much political value, as four of the five original founders of BRICS are strong and unapologetic supporters of the Palestinians.

While South Africa has been championing the legal front against Israel, Russia and China are battling the US at the UN Security Council to institute a ceasefire. Beijing’s Ambassador to The Hague defended the Palestinian armed struggle as legitimate under international law.

Now that global dynamics are working in favor of Palestinians, it is time for the Palestinian struggle to return to the embrace of the Global South, where shared histories will always serve as a foundation for meaningful solidarity.

Feature photo | Hon. Yvonne Dausab, Minister of Justice of Namibia, joined representatives of over 50 nations in presenting testimony to the International Court of Justice on the legality of the Israeli occupation. Photo | International Court of Justice

ملحمة غزّة في سياق الحرب العالمية

 وليد شرارة

 السبت 2 آذار 2024

لن تعفي المناورات اللفظية الجوفاء، ومقولات من نوع «ضرورة حماية المدنيين» و«احترام القانون الدولي الإنساني»، قادة «الغرب الجماعي» من أميركيين وأوروبيين، من مسؤوليتهم، عن رعاية المذبحة المتواصلة التي يرتكبها ربيبهم الصهيوني بحق أهل غزة، والتي تمثل «أكبر عملية عقاب جماعي بحق المدنيين في التاريخ المعاصر»، وفقاً لروبرت بايب، عالم السياسة الأميركي المتخصّص في النزاعات والأمن الدولي. هؤلاء شركاء مباشرون، عبر الدعم العسكري والسياسي والإعلامي الذي قدّموه للكيان المؤقت، في قتل 30035 فلسطينياً في غزة، قسم عظيم منهم من الأطفال، بحسب آخر أرقام وزارة الصحة في غزة، والآلاف الآخرين الذين ما زالوا تحت الأنقاض، وفي جرح أكثر من 70000 منهم. عوامل عدة تفسّر قرارهم الانغماس في حرب الإبادة الجارية، في مقدّمتها انحيازهم العقائدي و/أو الفكري – السياسي إلى الصهيونية و«معجزتها المتحقّقة على الأرض»، أي الكيان الاستيطاني الإحلالي، أمام ما اعتبروه تهديداً وجودياً لها، ومسعاهم للدفاع عن منظومة هيمنتهم على الإقليم الذي يحتل فيها الكيان موقع حجر الزاوية، إضافة إلى اعتبارات سياسية وانتخابية داخلية للنخب والأحزاب الحاكمة في دول الغرب. غير أن عاملاً آخر يلقي الضوء على خلفيات الجموح الغربي الراهن لم يتم التطرق إليه بشكل كاف، وهو ذلك المتمثل بسياق الحرب العالمية الراهنة، الدائرة حتى اللحظة على الساحة الأوكرانية بين حلف الأطلسي وروسيا، والمواجهة القابلة لتدحرج خطر بين الصين من جهة والولايات المتحدة وحلفائها في شرق آسيا من جهة أخرى.الحرب والمواجهة المشار إليهما، مع مفاعيلهما، تسهم كلّها في إنتاج سياق حرب عالمية يحفّز دول الغرب على إدخال تغييرات حاسمة على سياساتها وأولوياتها، من نوع إعادة بناء قاعدة صناعية عسكرية مثلاً، مع ما يقتضيه ذلك من إنفاق باهظ، وتغيير لجدول أعمال حكوماتها. أما على مستوى سياساتها الخارجية، فهي أصبحت محكومة بمركزية هذا السياق، وتنظر من خلاله إلى الكثير من الأحداث والتطورات، وبينها معركة غزة. بكلام آخر، عملية «طوفان الأقصى»، من منظور واشنطن وأتباعها من الغربيين، عن قصد أو غير قصد، أفادت روسيا والصين، وهذا سبب إضافي لمساهمتهم في حرب الإبادة الصهيونية ضد أهل غزة ومقاومتهم. وبعد مرور أكثر من 4 أشهر عليها، والفشل في تحقيق هدفها الأساسي المتمثل في القضاء على المقاومة، بات بعضهم يدعو إلى وقف العمليات العسكرية، لأن استمرارها والمفاعيل الناجمة عنها قد يكون كلّ ذلك لصالح المنافسين الاستراتيجيين في موسكو وبكين!

تُنسب «نظريات المؤامرة» عادة إلى خصوم الولايات المتحدة، ويقتنع بهكذا زعم من تنقصه المعلومات والمعطيات عن تاريخ السياسة الخارجية الأميركية بشكل خاص والغربية بشكل عام. لم تتردّد واشنطن وغالبية حلفائها في تقديم حركات التحرر الوطني في بلدان ما سُمي بالعالم الثالث، على أنها مجرد أدوات للاتحاد السوفياتي، وجرى التعامل معها على ذلك الأساس، رغم أن بعضها حاول محاورة الولايات المتحدة لبناء علاقات ندّية معها وفشل في ذلك. الأمثلة كثيرة، من مصر جمال عبد الناصر و«تيار القومية العربية»، والثورة الجزائرية وحكومة محمد مصدق في إيران، وحتى كوبا بعد انتصار الثورة على نظام باتيستا. سعى جميع هؤلاء إلى التوصل على الأقل إلى تفاهمات مع واشنطن تحول دون الصراع المفتوح معها، لكنّ رفضهم الانصياع لأجندتها الاستراتيجية أدّى إلى مثل هذا الصراع.

المزاعم حول دور روسي مباشر أو غير مباشر في مساعدة المقاومين الفلسطينيين لا تستند إلى أدنى دليل


بعد عملية «طوفان الأقصى»، بدأت تتبلور في أوساط الأجهزة الأمنية والعسكرية الأميركية والأوروبية «نظرية مؤامرة» جديدة حيالها، مفادها أن روسيا في الحد الأدنى ساعدت المقاومة الفلسطينية على تنفيذها، إن لم تكن تقف خلفها تماماً، لأنها، وفقاً للتهويمات المشار إليها، المستفيد الأول من فتح جبهة جديدة في شرق المتوسط ضد الولايات المتحدة وحلفائها، بعد تلك المفتوحة في أوكرانيا. وقد سمعنا أصداءً لهذه «النظرية» في بعض وسائل الإعلام اللبنانية ولدى عدد من المحلّلين. في الحقيقة، وبعد عقدين من الاستخفاف بروسيا، فوجئ «الغرب الجماعي» بقدرتها على خوض مجابهة ناجحة على الصعد العسكرية والسياسية والاقتصادية، فانقلب الاستخفاف إلى تهويل بالخطر الروسي الداهم على الغرب ومناطق نفوذه ومصالحه. ووفقاً لنظرية المؤامرة الجديدة، فإن موسكو أحسنت استغلال الكثير من الأزمات التي عصفت ببلدان في المنطقة لـ«تتسلل» إليها وتتحوّل إلى لاعب وازن فيها. المثل الأول الذي يُقدّم هو سوريا، حيث شكّل تدخل روسيا العسكري في أواخر 2015، رافعة لدور سياسي محوري لها في البلد المذكور وعلى مستوى الإقليم. الكلام نفسه يُقال حول التدخل العسكري الروسي في ليبيا وتوظيفه لصالح زيادة النفوذ في المتوسط والسعي لتحويل ذلك البلد إلى منصة لتدخلات جديدة في أفريقيا جنوب الصحراء. أما بالنسبة إلى التطورات التي شهدتها بلدان منطقة الساحل، أي الانقلابات التي وقعت في بوركينا فاسو ومالي والنيجر، فإن «يد موسكو» هي من يقف خلفها برأي أصحاب هذه النظرية الفذّة.

المنطق نفسه ينسحب على معركة «طوفان الأقصى»، التي اكتسبت منذ ساعاتها الأولى أبعاداً إقليمية ودولية، لأن الغرب الجماعي هرع بحاملات طائراته وغواصاته لنجدة إسرائيل! ما يتناساه هؤلاء هو أن «التورط» في هذه المعركة، ومن ثم في غيرها في اليمن وفي سوريا والعراق، بدلاً من التركيز الحصري على الحرب في أوكرانيا، هو قرار قيادات الغرب. ليست روسيا من يُلام على التبعات والأكلاف المترتّبة على مثل هذا الأمر. إضافة إلى ذلك، فإن المزاعم حول دور روسي مباشر أو غير مباشر في مساعدة المقاومين الفلسطينيين لا تستند إلى أدنى دليل أو قرينة. من البديهي أن روسيا، وجميع خصوم وأعداء الولايات المتحدة، يستفيدون من تورطها في حروب ومواجهات تستنزفها عسكرياً واقتصادياً وتزيد من إضعاف صدقية مزاعمها عن «القيم» و«الحرية» وغيرها من فقاعات الصابون الأيديولوجية. روسيا والصين، على المستوى الإستراتيجي، كانتا في مقدّمة المستفيدين من عمليات 11 أيلول عام 2001 وما تلاها من غرق أميركي في وحول الحروب على «الإرهاب». هذه الحروب كانت بمثابة الكارثة الإستراتيجية بالنسبة إلى واشنطن، لكن هل يتجرّأ أحد على اتهام من خطّط لخوضها وأدارها، أي المحافظين الجدد وأقطاب إدارة بوش الابن، من مثل ديك تشيني ودونالد رامسفيلد، بالعمالة لموسكو وبكين؟

الثابت حتى الآن أنه كلما ازداد تورّط الإمبراطورية الهرمة في حروب ونزاعات جديدة، في سياق الحرب العالمية المذكور سابقاً، فإن هذا الأمر يخدم مصالح أعدائها ويثلج صدورهم. ذلك ينطبق على تورّطها في منطقتنا، وربما في مناطق أخرى من المعمورة مستقبلاً.

من ملف : «عَراضة» المساعدات: «مجزرة الطحين» تُحرج الغرب

فيديوات متعلقة

مجزرة الطحين – الخبز الأحمر

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Russian grain diplomacy: Winning hearts, minds, and markets

SEP 12, 2023

Photo Credit: The Cradle

The Ukraine conflict and the Black Sea grain deal have highlighted the ‘geopolitics of wheat’ and helped Russia gain leverage over Europe while expanding its influence in Africa and the Global South.

Mohamad Hasan Sweidan

In the complex fabric of international relations, the interaction between geopolitics and trade – particularly of vital commodities – often occupies a key position. Nowhere is this more evident today than in the grain trade agreement between Russia and Ukraine, known as the Black Sea Grain Initiative

Nestled within the fertile plains of Eastern Europe, Russia, and Ukraine stand as formidable players in the global cereal production arena, particularly in the domain of wheat cultivation. Their collaborative efforts significantly contribute to stabilizing global food prices and securing the food supply for numerous countries. 

But the historical, political, and regional intricacies inherent to these two states have often cast shadows over their global economic interdependence, a situation further exacerbated by the ongoing conflict in Ukraine.

Major players in the global grain market

On 22 July, 2022, a landmark agreement was brokered with the mediation of Turkiye and the UN, in which Russia and Ukraine would facilitate grain exports from both countries to global markets.

Central to this agreement was the establishment of a secure maritime route in the Black Sea – traversing the Bosphorus Strait in northwestern Turkiye – that would ensure the safe transit of grain shipments to and from Ukrainian ports.

Moreover, the accord envisioned the creation of a joint coordination center comprised of representatives from the three states who would be tasked with monitoring and inspecting ships to prevent the transportation of weapons.

Map of Black Sea Grain Initiative Shipping Route

The global significance of this agreement cannot be overstated, given the pivotal roles that Russia and Ukraine occupy as the world’s foremost cereal exporters. According to the World Food Program, Ukrainian cereals sustained the diets of approximately 400 million people globally in 2021. 

Yet due to the ongoing proxy conflict in Ukraine, the number of individuals experiencing acute hunger is projected to surge by 47 million, representing a 17 percent increase, with the majority of those affected residing in sub-Saharan Africa.

Russia and Ukraine collectively account for a substantial share of the global grain market, with Russia being the leading wheat exporter (20 percent of global exports) and Ukraine following closely behind as the fifth-largest (10 percent of global exports).

Additionally, the two neighbors jointly contribute 25 percent of the world’s barley exports and 15 percent of maize exports. In 2021, Russia recorded wheat exports valued at $8.92 billion, with major destinations including Egypt ($2.44 billion), Turkiye ($1.79 billion), Nigeria ($493 million), Azerbaijan ($339 million), and Saudi Arabia ($316 million).

During the same year, Ukraine’s wheat exports totaled $5.87 billion, with key destinations being Egypt ($851 million), Indonesia ($640 million), Pakistan ($594 million), Nigeria ($490 million) and Ethiopia ($440 million).

Russia’s wheat export surge amidst Ukrainian decline

However, the outbreak of war has severely impacted Ukrainian wheat exports, causing them to plummet from 21 million tons in the 2019-20 season to 16.8 million tons in 2022-2023, with a further decline to 10.5 million tons anticipated in the next year. 

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) predicts that Ukraine’s wheat production will dwindle to 17.5 million tons, marking the lowest level since 2012-2013.

Despite western efforts to stifle Russia’s economy, Moscow has emerged as the primary beneficiary of this decline, effectively filling the void left by reduced Ukrainian exports. Russian wheat exports soared to a record-breaking 45.0 million tons in the 2022/2023 season, reflecting a remarkable 36 percent increase from the previous year and surpassing the previous record set in the 2017-2018 season by 3.5 million tons.

Thanks to competitive prices and abundant supplies, the USDA anticipates that Russia will account for over 20 percent of the global wheat trade in the 2022-2023 season, with Russian wheat stocks projected to reach their highest levels in nearly three decades.

Data from the Russian state statistics service Rosstat reveals that grain stocks until May 2023 were 61.5 percent higher than the previous year, while wheat stocks increased by 69.4 percent. Russian wheat exports are poised to set a new record at 47.5 million tons in the 2023-2024 season, surpassing exports from the EU (38.5 million tons), Canada (26.5 million tons), Australia (25 million tons), and Argentina (11 million tons).

Disparities within the Black Sea Grain Initiative

According to EU data, nearly 33 million tons of cereals and other foodstuffs were exported through the Black Sea Grain Initiative. UN data further reveals that these cereals and food were shipped to 45 countries spanning three continents, with 46 percent going to Asia, 40 percent to Western Europe, 12 percent to Africa, and 1 percent to Eastern Europe.

The primary exports include maize (51 percent), wheat (27 percent), sunflower flour (6 percent), sunflower oil (5 percent), barley (4 percent), rapeseed (3 percent), and others (4 percent). 

But to Moscow’s consternation – and contrary to its expectations – UN figures indicate that 90 percent of maize and 60 percent of wheat exported through the initiative found their way to high- and upper-middle-income countries, while only 10 percent of maize and 40 percent of wheat went to low- and middle-income countries.

These figures very clearly underscore the deal’s importance to Europeans. While initially aimed at meeting the food needs of poorer nations, it has instead overwhelmingly served the interests of western countries. Low-income states benefited from only 9 percent of total wheat exports and zero maize exports through this agreement.

This explains the west’s keen efforts to re-engage with the agreement after Russia’s July withdrawal from the deal, in which Moscow made clear that the west’s failure to fulfill its Russian grain export commitments scuttled the agreement’s renewal.

More grain for the Global South 

This situation is not unfamiliar to Europeans. The stark contrast between western rhetoric and actions has become increasingly evident, contributing significantly to the competition between the Global South and major powers.

While the EU vocally advocated for a grain agreement to “avert a worsening food crisis” in impoverished countries – but hoarded the grain for its own use – Russia exported 11.5 million tons of cereals to Africa in 2022 and nearly 10 million tons in the first half of 2023.

During the recent Russia-Africa summit, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced that Burkina Faso, Zimbabwe, Mali, Somalia, the Central African Republic, and Eritrea would each receive between 25,000 and 50,000 tons of grain, with Moscow also covering the shipping costs. 

Impact of Russia’s grain diplomacy 

Russian grain diplomacy has become a valuable card for Moscow to influence opinion in the African continent, which it has been able to further capitalize on after the shocking self-interest Europeans displayed during the last grain deal.

Russia’s conditions for rejoining the grain agreement have sparked a complex diplomatic situation with significant implications. Moscow’s demands include the reconnection of its state agricultural bank to the international bank messaging system SWIFT, a more equitable distribution of grain to poorer countries, especially in Africa, and the rollback of sanctions affecting export processes and logistics.

The UN proposed a compromise that would connect a ‘subsidiary’ of Russia’s State Agricultural Bank to SWIFT, but Moscow insisted that the connection must be a direct one. 

For Russia, the grain deal represents leverage over Europe, given the potential impact of rising food prices on European countries already grappling with a self-inflicted energy crisis. With Moscow’s withdrawal from the agreement, global grain prices surged, affecting wheat, rice, vegetable oil, and sunflower oil.

As a mediator in this ongoing conflict, Turkiye also has a vested interest in the deal’s restoration. Success in persuading Russia to return to the agreement would bolster Ankara’s diplomatic standing, particularly in its relations with the west.

Moreover, ‘food politics’ are not restricted to the Russia-west conflict: Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Slovakia have imposed bans on the transportation of Ukrainian cereal products through their territories to protect their own farmers from cheap Ukrainian imports. While the bans are set to expire this month, these countries intend to extend them, further underscoring the need to resume the grain agreement.

Europe’s options appear limited, as the deal not only contributes to food security but also significantly impacts the west’s image in the Global South. Russia is keenly aware of this and actively works to publicize the destinations of Ukrainian grain while positioning itself as a guarantor of food security in numerous African countries, including Egypt.

Russian grain diplomacy has thus become a strategic tool for Moscow to project itself as a benefactor to Global South countries and to promote multipolarity that seeks less dependence on the west. With revenues and resources both in Russian hands, this is not a scenario in which Europe and the US can emerge unscathed.

The views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of The Cradle.

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BRICS and the challenge of solidarity

Aug 30, 2023

Source: Al Mayadeen English

BRICS members, unlike the US and the G7, do not demand political compliance or for other countries to model themselves in their image. As far as they’re concerned, cooperation is paramount. (Illustrated by: Zeinab ElHajj, Al Mayadeen English)

By Karim Sharara

BRICS now holds the potential to be THE significant challenge to the West current world order, particularly with its new expansion. Yet this expansion will not be without difficulty.

“We know that Africa is neither French, nor British, nor American, nor Russian, that it is African. We know the objects of the West. Yesterday they divided us on the level of a tribe, clan and village…They want to create antagonistic blocs, satellites…”

~ Patrice Lumumba in a speech at the opening of the All-African Conference in Leopoldville, DR Congo, August 25,1960.

In that same speech, Lumumba, who would be assassinated less than five months later in a Belgian plot (backed by the US and the UK), would also say, “African unity and solidarity are no longer dreams. They must be expressed in decisions.” 

Lumumba’s body, following his arrest and execution, would be buried in a shallow grave, only to be later exhumed and melted down with acid. The remaining bones would be ground to a fine powder and scattered. All that was left of his remains was a gold tooth, which the Belgians kept to themselves and was only recently given to his children by Belgian authorities last year.

This article clearly doesn’t discuss Lumumba, or Africa for that matter, that much can be ascertained from the title, but it does, however, implicitly tackle the effect of unity and solidarity on challenging a global hegemonic system.

One main question that comes to mind regarding the change in the international scene that we’ve witnessed over the past two years has been that of multipolarity and the new world order, along with the West’s ability to deal with the issue.

Countless articles have been written so far on the subject, but one aspect that hasn’t been discussed as much is that of the interests of BRICS in the organization and the interests held by countries wishing to join it.

Laying the foundation

BRICS did not become an option overnight. It was founded fairly recently in 2009 as BRIC, later including South Africa in 2010, thus becoming BRICS, it allowed for economic cooperation between its members who had witnessed fairly high levels of growth in the late 90s and early 2000s and were poised to collectively dominate the global economy by 2050.

The countries would agree to pool together their resources, amassing $100 billion, in order to found the New Development Bank, which they would grant to each other during times of need. 

Naturally, all of these countries cooperate with global organizations such as the IMF and the World Bank, but to quote former National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski, “The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank can be said to represent ‘global’ interests, and their constituency may be construed as the world. In reality, however, they are heavily American dominated and their origins are traceable to American initiative, particularly the Bretton Woods Conference of 1944.”

It was only natural that these countries would come together to provide an alternative web for themselves instead of the one in the middle of which the US positioned itself as an indispensable cog.

On their own, Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa also have a shared interest in enhancing their geopolitical profile. They all share the want for a stronger political presence in the world and cannot do so under a US-dominated system, but a loose congregation of countries that have a shared goal of fostering prosperity and mutual investments in each other’s economies would not only increase their profile, but also provide them with the economic heft they require in order to advance their positions. 

The icing on the cake was that the deal came without any of the IMF strings they had grown accustomed to (political reforms a la liberal democracy, crippling economic demands) and with little economic and political costs. BRICS members, unlike the US and the G7, do not demand political compliance or for other countries to model themselves in their image. As far as they’re concerned, cooperation is paramount.

The impact of the war in Ukraine

The war in Ukraine, precisely the West’s sanctions on Russia, provided great impetus to the Global South’s consideration of other avenues for economic cooperation. 

Between the New Development Bank, which provides loans through infrastructure projects, the Contingent Reserve Arrangement, which provides protection for members when their currency is facing financial pressures, the BRICS payment system, which is poised to replace the US-dominated SWIFT, and the BRICS common currency to replace the dollar, dozens of countries found great appeal in joining the organization amid the West’s “ride or die” approach against Russia.

This was only natural, as all countries saw clearly that they could be under US pressure at any given moment and could instantly be blocked from any and all SWIFT-dependent financial transactions. Iran’s experience was there for all to see, and here was Russia being embargoed. The difference in this case, in particular, was that the world was not dependent on trade with Iran, but it was dependent on Russia, both in commodities and in energy. 

The reasoning is quite clear-cut here, regardless of where you stand on the war in Ukraine: If the US can exert so much pressure to embargo Russia, then it could do the same to us.

If anything’s been clear over the past decades, it’s that contrary to the US, China does not view politics as a zero-sum game, making its approach with its partners markedly different.

Should BRICS accept them?

The push to provide an alternative for countries from US dominance, particularly countries of the Global South, would remain quite lacking if the Global South is excluded from it.

One of the BRICS’ main goals is to de-dollarize global trade, and it is doing so at the moment by lending in local currencies. An alternative system that would knock the dollar off its throne would need more members for it to succeed, and countries from the Global South would need to be part of the BRICS and its organizations to reap their full benefit while shielding themselves from the impact of any possible sanctions or pressure imposed upon them by the West.

This is a mutually beneficial relationship for both sides, particularly when taking into account the opportunities for investment this would open up, not to mention allowing for them all to remain sheltered from any fluctuations in the US dollar, as evident in the 2008 financial crisis.

As of January 1, 2024, Argentina, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE will become official new members of BRICS, and 16 new countries have applied to join. Argentina, which is racked with inflation, is looking for heavy foreign investment to calm local markets. The KSA and UAE are global oil producers whose infrastructure heavily depends on the West and are in need of diversifying their portfolio and investment in non-energy sectors. Iran is looking for export markets and investment in its infrastructure. Ethiopia is still recovering from its Civil War, while the Egyptian economy is still in crisis but offers much opportunity for investors.

Naturally, the process of expansion will not be without its drawbacks.

As the organization grows, so will its decision-making process be faced with additional issues, particularly when interests collide in an increasingly unstable world environment.

One test that BRICS members will come to face over the coming years will be that of solidarity. BRICS, and those willing to join it, will have to express ‘in decision’ their will to remain together, and these limits will be surely tested. For now, the US is attempting to create counter-blocs in Africa, Central Asia, the Asia-Pacific, and Latin America, all in order for them to act as counterweights to the BRICS.

It goes without saying that it will attempt to sow discord among BRICS members, particularly by appealing to their heavyweights, like India.

Not a panacea

Having said this, it’s important to keep in mind that BRICS isn’t an end-all solution for the new world order. It’s not meant or designed to be an alternative to the UN and other post-WW2 global institutions. It’s not meant to be the flag-bearer of multipolarity.

BRICS is one of the many tools that will need to be used in order to pull the rug from under the US, or at the very least render its weapons less effective. 

However, BRICS and the alternative it offers may provoke a change in US-led institutions by challenging them. Brazilian President Lula da Silva said it best in his speech during the BRICS summit a few days ago, “The war in Ukraine highlights the limitations of the Security Council. Many other conflicts and crises do not receive due attention, even though they cause vast suffering for their populations. Haitians, Yemenis, Syrians, Libyans, Sudanese, and Palestinians all deserve to live in peace.”

“The BRICS has established itself as a forum for discussing the main issues affecting world peace and security,” he continued. “We cannot shy away from addressing the main current conflict in Ukraine and its global effects. Brazil has a historic position of defending sovereignty, territorial integrity, and all the purposes of the principles of the United Nations.”

Since the war in Ukraine began, complimented with a sanctions war on Russia, it is noteworthy that the BRICS countries have managed to act as a political entity (though somewhat loose in its connections) and succeeded in unifying their stances vs-à-vis the war, despite the enormous amount of US pressure they faced. The future looks promising indeed.

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Prigozhin confirmed aboard plane that crashed in Tver: Russian ATA

August 24, 2023

Source: Agencies

Wagner Group CEO Yevgeny Prigozhin was aboard a private jet that crashed in Russia’s Tver Region on Wednesday, according to the Federal Air Transport Agency Rosaviatsia.

Rescuers at the site of a plane crash near the village of Kuzhenkino, Tver, on August 23, 2023 (AFP)

By Al Mayadeen English

The Federal Air Transport Agency Rosaviatsia has confirmed Wagner Group private military company (PMC) leader Yevgeny Prigozhin was aboard the private jet that crashed on Wednesday.

Prigozhin’s name was among the Embraer-135 (EBM-135BJ) passengers, in addition to Propustin Sergey, Makaryan Evgeniy, Totmin Aleksandr, Chekalov Valeriy, Utkin Dmitriy, and Matuseev Nikolay.

“Crew members: commander [pilot] Levshin Aleksei, second pilot Karimov Rustam, and flight attendant Raspopova Kristina,” were also on board the flight, the agency detailed on Telegram.

Russia’s Ministry of Emergency Situations confirmed that a private plane on its way from Moscow to St. Petersburg crashed in the Tver Region on Wednesday, announcing that the incident killed all 10 people aboard.

The US President has expressed he was “not sure” what caused the crash but revealed he was “not surprised” by the news.

He steered clear of pointing any fingers at Russian President Vladimir Putin when asked and carefully responded that he did not have enough facts to answer.

Just yesterday, Prigozhin announced his return to Africa to fight terrorism in a video clip.

“We work in temperatures of up to 50 degrees Celsius,” he said, adding, “The Wagner Group makes Russia great on all continents, makes Africa freer, and establishes justice.”

On the evening of June 23, the Wagner Group took control of an army headquarters in Rostov-on-Don, a city in southern Russia and marched toward Moscow the next day. Prigozhin claimed that his activities were in retaliation for the Defense Ministry’s purported assault on his group’s field camps, but the ministry denied this.

After speaking with Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko, who was acting at the behest of Russian President Vladimir Putin, Prigozhin decided to put an end to the mutiny.

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On Military Coups and Starvation: Is Western Media’s Perception of Africa Racist?

AUGUST 23, 2023

Image by Ninno Jack Jr.

BY RAMZY BAROUD

Racism goes beyond the use of certain words or the discriminatory practices of everyday life. It is also about political perceptions, intellectual depictions, and collective relationships.

Consider the way that Africa is currently portrayed in the news.

From a political viewpoint, Africa is seen as a totality, and not in a positive way, as in a united Africa.

For example, mainstream Western media coverage of the US-Africa Summit, held in Washington last December, presented all of Africa as poor and desperate. The continent, one can glean from headlines, was also willing to pawn its political position in the Russia-NATO conflict, in exchange for money and food.

“Biden tells African leaders US is ‘all in’ on the continent,” an Associated Press headline announced on December 15.

The phrase ‘all in’ – a lingo used in Poker when someone is willing to risk it all – was cited many times in the US and Western media.

Biden offered unconditional US commitment “to supporting every aspect of Africa’s growth,” AP reported. But “growth” had little to do with Biden’s offerings. He merely tried to outbid Russia’s support for Africa so that the latter may adopt an anti-Moscow stance. He failed.

When a Russia-Africa Summit took place on July 27-28, US-western media lashed out, again presenting Africans as political vagabonds, while belittling the strategic value of such a meeting for both Russia and African countries.

A CNN headline began with “Isolated Putin ..,” while a Reuters headline read “Putin promises African leaders free grain.”

Very little mention was made of African leaders spending much time discussing a possible role in finding a peaceful resolution to the horrific war underway in Ukraine.

Indeed, several African leaders articulated a sincere political discourse, rejecting imperialism, neocolonialism and military interventions.

Moreover, there was little media discussion that Africa, like Europe, can negotiate a stronger political position in world affairs.

Instead, the coverage seemed to center around the Black Sea Grains Initiative – brokered in July 2022 – insinuating that Russia is threatening food security in an already impoverished continent.

But this was hardly the case.

In a speech at the Economic Forum in Vladivostok last September, Russian President Vladimir Putin claimed that, of the 87 grain-loaded ships, only 60,000 tons out of two million reached the United Nations’ World Food Program.

Though Putin’s overall figures were contested, the UN’s Joint Coordination Centre (JCC) said in a statement published in Euronews that “Putin is correct to say only a small amount has been shipped under the World Food Program.”

Even though Western countries have been the largest recipients of grains shipped through the Black Sea, no mainstream media has made it a mission to depict Europeans as starving populations, or worse.

Additionally, Europe is hardly presented as greedy, either. Indeed, the blame is never on Europe, its colonialism, arms, and political meddling. Yet, the blame is readily assigned elsewhere.

This headline in ‘The Conversation’ is a good illustration: “Putin offers unconvincing giveaways in a desperate bid to make up for killing the Ukraine grain deal.”

The bias is astonishing.

The truth is that African leaders were not looking for ‘giveaways’ but were hoping to negotiate a stronger geopolitical position in a vastly changing global political map. Just like everybody else.

Whether Putin’s “bid” in Africa was “desperate” or not, matters little. The bias, however, becomes clear when the alleged Russian desperation is compared to the outcome of the US-Africa summit last year.

Biden’s ‘bid’ was presented as an attempt at building bridges and creating opportunities for future cooperation. All is done, of course, in the name of democracy and human rights.

The misrepresentation of Africa can also be viewed independently from the Russia-Ukraine war.

Take, for example, the way Western media dealt with the Niger military coup on July 26.

Niger is part of the Sahel countries in Africa, a stretch of nations that have all been colonized by France.

Decades after these countries gained nominal independence, Paris continued to exert strong political influence and economic control.

This is called neocolonialism. It ensures the wealth of former colonies continues to be exploited by former colonizers.

In fact, Niger’s wealth of uranium ore has helped fuel more than a fourth of the EU’s nuclear energy plants, and much of France’s.

A decade ago, France returned to the Sahel region as a military force, in the name of fighting Jihadists.

Yet, violence grew, forcing African Sahel countries to rebel, starting in the Central African Republic, then Burkina Faso, Mali, Chad, and, finally, Niger.

Little of that context features in the coverage of Western media. Instead, like Mali and the others, Niger is depicted as another of Russia’s lackeys in Africa.

Thus, the CNN headline, on August 2, “A Niger coup leader meets with Wagner-allied junta in Mali.” Here, CNN leaves no room for the possibility that African leaders have agendas, or political will, of their own.

The West’s problematic relationship with Africa is complex, rooted in colonialism, economic exploitation, and outright racism.

Africans are good ‘allies’ when they toe the Western line and hungry, easily manipulated, and illegitimate regimes when they reject the West’s conditions.

It is time to rethink and confront this demeaning perception.

Africa, like all other political spaces, is a complicated and conflicted region, deserving of deep understanding and appreciation, beyond the self-serving agendas of a few Western countries.

African Union suspends Niger, rejects African and intl. intervention

August 22, 2023

Source: Agencies

African heads of state attend the 35th Ordinary Session of the African Union (AU) Assembly in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Saturday, Feb. 5, 2022. (AP)

By Al Mayadeen English

African Union announced in a statement that Niger has been suspended from all of its operations but also warned against any intervention in Niger following a military stand-by announcement from the West African bloc ECOWAS.

The African Union (AU) announced in a statement on Tuesday that Niger has been suspended from all of its operations, repeating calls for the coup leaders to release elected President Mohamed Bazoum and go back to their barracks.

Earlier, the West African bloc ECOWAS decided to activate a standby force in preparation for a potential military intervention. In turn, the AU Peace and Security Council noted this decision and requested that the AU Commission evaluate the potential economic, social, and security repercussions of deploying such a force.

Moreover, the AU warned, with strong language, against any intervention in Niger by African counterparts or foreign countries, reaffirming that the AU called on its member states and the international community to refrain from undertaking decisions that could legitimize the junta in Niger.

ECOWAS calls Niger’s three-year transition plan “a joke”

The bloc of West African nations (ECOWAS) rejected, on Monday, a decision by Niger’s coup leaders to launch a three-year transition back to democracy.

ECOWAS Commissioner for Politics and Security Abdel-Fatau Musah described the proposal of a three-year transition as “a joke” and said the bloc would “never accept it”.

“We want constitutional order to be restored as soon as possible,” he said on Monday. “Military action is not off the table,” he warned.

The statements come amid a political climate rife with tensions as the bloc is mulling a military intervention. 

Read more: Niger junta, ECOWAS talks yield little: Source

The new military ruler General Abdourahamane Tiani had said that he would hold off a return to civilian rule within three years after army officers toppled President Mohamed Bazoum last month.

The announcement was issued after a delegation from ECOWAS left Niger after failing to reach an agreement with the junta on reinstating ousted President Mohammad Bazoum.

Read more: 300+ trucks with humanitarian aid arrive in Niger from Burkina Faso

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Niger and the African struggle against neo-colonialism

August 16, 2023

Source: Al Mayadeen English

Niger vanguards the African struggle against neo-colonialism

By Sammy Ismail

Niger gained independence from French colonialism back in 1960, however, it has remained ensnared with the yoke of neo-colonialism; which is evidenced by the persistent colonial-type practices of resource exploitation, financial hegemony, and military presence.

Colonialism and imperialism have not settled their debt to us once they have withdrawn their flag and their police force from our territories.

-Frantz Fanon “The Wretched of the Earth”

The recent events in Niger and the consequent regional implications in West Africa at large had brought back to the forefront of popular discourse the prospects of decolonization and liberation. The coup in Niger, and those in Mali and Burkina Faso prior, exposed France’s persistent relations of colonial-type exploitation to the international public. The military coups all follow the same pattern of rejecting French neo-colonialism in favor of national sovereignty. 

Neo-colonialism refers to the systematic exploitation which outlived colonialism. It is traced back to the prospect of Françafrique as introduced by Charles De Gaule. This system which was legitimized under the guise of “decolonization” allowed France to exploit its former colonies while granting them symbolic sovereignty.

Niger gained independence from French colonialism back in 1960, however, it has remained ensnared with the yoke of neo-colonialism; which is evidenced by the persistent colonial-type practices of resource exploitation, financial hegemony, and military presence/intervention. 

The Asymmetric Benefits of Uranium Extraction

While ranking as the eighth poorest country in the world, according to GDP, Niger is the world’s seventh largest producer of Uranium. Niger produces 5% of the world’s output of uranium, according to the World Nuclear Association. Orano, the French state-owned nuclear energy company formerly known as Areva, has been operating the nuclear mines in Niger for the past 50 years: extracting Nigerien uranium mainly for the French nuclear industry. In 2023, Politico reported that Niger produced 15% of France’s Uranium imports and 20% of Europe’s. Back in 2013, it was assessed that one out of every three light bulbs in France is lit by Nigerien uranium while 83% of Nigeriens have no access to electricity, according to ROTAB (Transparency and Budgetary Analysis Organization). 

The Currency Scheme of Wealth Expropriation

Another characteristic feature of neo-colonialism in Niger is the financial hegemony that France maintained by enforcing the CFA (African Financial Community) franc as a formal currency in Niger. The CFA franc was introduced by France in most of its former colonies in West and Central Africa. According to the IMF, the CFA franc accounts for 14% of Africa’s population and 12% of its GDP. The CFA franc, which is minted by the Bank of France, was formerly pegged to the French Franc, and now to the Euro. In exchange for guaranteeing their currency in Euros (currently, 656 CFA francs= 1 Euro), 50% of the CFA countries’ possessions of foreign currencies are to be deposited in the Bank of France in addition to another 20% for financial liabilities: leaving the African countries with barely any liquidity and no monetary/fiscal sovereignty on the little liquidity they have while the french government prospers through capitalizing on the surplus deposits in its banks.

Through the CFA franc zone, France maintains the capability to exercise authority over the money supply, monetary and financial regulations, banking operations, credit distribution, and fiscal as well as economic strategies of African countries. This is best summed up in a famous speech of former French president Jacques Chirac in which he says “We forget one thing: that is, a large part of the money that is in our wallet comes precisely from the exploitation of Africa”.

Western Military Outpost in West Africa

The ousted Bazoum regime had long been a loyal partner of France (and the West generally) in the latter’s alleged war on terrorism in the Sahel region. Niger hosts 15,000 French soldiers and 1,100 American soldiers in addition to US Airbase 201 which acted as an outpost to US military interventions in the region at large. While making Niger into a safe haven for Western forces in West Africa under the pretext of fighting terrorist groups, Bazzoum long criticized Mali and Burkina Faso for coordinating with Russia and Wagner PMC in their battle against terrorism, despite being more successful than the former. In a piece written for The Washinton Post shortly after being ousted, Bazzoum warned his Western partners, in an attempt to evoke an intervention to restore his ousted regime, that “the entire central Sahel region could fall to Russian influence” if his regime is not restored: emphasizing the geopolitical shift which the country underwent through the coup. 

Read more: ECOWAS approves military action in Niger ‘as soon as possible’

Timeline

On July 26, Abdourahamane Tchiani overthrew the pro-West incumbent president Mohamed Bazzoum in a military coup led by the presidential guard. The coup came as a sort of poetic justice against imperialism not only neutralizing a Western comprador government but also replacing it with a staunchly anti-imperialist government

France was quick to condemn the coup. President Macron warned the military junta of a swift and firm retaliation if their interests were threatened in the country. The US Secretary of State Anthony Blinken similarly affirmed his support for the ousted president and expressed his commitment to restore his government. The collective West (EU, US, and Canada) subsequently suspended all aid to the country in an effort to pressure the military junta into giving in. 

On July 30th, ECOWAS (the Economic Community of West African States) froze Niger’s assets, imposed sanctions on the junta officials, and gave a stern warning of military intervention if the former government is not restored within a week’s deadline. 

Read more: Path of military intervention in Niger gloomy, doomed to failure: FP

Correspondingly, the junta took a set of measures to consolidate its authority and fortify its anti-imperialist stance: halting uranium and gold exports to Europe, revoking all military deals with France, and blocking French media platforms France24 and RFI. Additionally, the military leaders warned France and ECOWAS against any military intervention: stressing that they will “resolutely defend their homeland.” 

Regional countries have also taken opposing stances on Niger. Original members of the Western-backed ECOWAS bloc such as Senegal have affirmed their commitment to partake in the military intervention. 

Mali and Burkina Faso who had also defected from the Western bloc vehemently opposed the threat of military intervention against Niger saying they would consider it a declaration of war against their respective nations if the ECOWAS bloc went through with the threatened military intervention. 

Read more: Algeria rejects military intervention in Niger, says President 

On Sunday, the deadline granted by ECOWAS was exhausted, and the military leadership of Niger remained steadfast. 

Both the French foreign ministry and the US State Department expressed their support for ECOWAS in restoring the ousted government in Niger. 

Read more: US, ECOWAS tone down on Niger, but all options remain on the table

At the individual level, violence is a cleansing force. It rids the colonized of their inferiority complex, of their passive and despairing attitude. It emboldens them, and restores their self-confidence. 

– Frantz Fanon “The Wretched of the Earth”

Decolonization: Negative Freedom and Autonomy

In the context of liberation from colonial-type hegemony, a notable nuance to register in the strive for self-determination is that between negative freedom and autonomy. Negative freedom is defined through the absence of externally imposed oppressive structures. Meanwhile, autonomy is realized through developing the capacity to achieve the aspired interests.

In Niger, negative freedom triumphed through the coup: by eradicating the oppressive structures enforced by France such as the imposed comprador government and the systematic exploitation of resources. It focuses on dismantling the barriers that inhibit a nation’s ability to make choices according to its own values and interests. However, negative freedom as the absence of external restraints does not guarantee holistic liberation. 

The military leaders in Niger have decisively strived to neutralize the French-imposed oppressive structures: from organizing the overthrow of the comprador government to halting the exports of uranium and gold. However, their deliberations, revolutionary as they are, fall short of liberation. They created favorable conditions for achieving self-determination through autonomy, but it remains necessary to acquire the capacity to achieve their national interests. Autonomy is realized through the accumulation of capital and consolidation of infrastructure.

Read more: Niger’s Tchiani signs decree to form new transitional government

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France never stopped looting Africa, now the tables are turning

AUG 8, 2023

As developments in West Africa demonstrate, the francophone countries are no longer willing to accept French neo-colonialism. With the fear factor finally removed, Africa’s quest for genuine independence is steadily coming to fruition.

Brad Pearce

The 26 July coup in the West African nation of Niger, which threatens to undermine French and US military presence in the region, has shed light on the historical exploitation and continued practices of Francafrique – the term used to describe the persistent exploitation by the former French Empire in Africa.

France heavily relies on nuclear energy, with 68 percent of its power coming from nuclear plants. It obtains 19 percent of the uranium required to run these plants from Niger. Despite this significant contribution toward France’s energy needs, only 14.3 percent of Nigeriens have access to a power grid, and even that is often unreliable. This stark contrast highlights the disparities and ongoing exploitation by rapine foreign powers throughout the African continent. 

The Legacy of Francafrique

Francafrique has been known for its exploitative systems designed to profit from African resources, using pressure, capital, and frequently outright force to maintain control over its former empire. As a result, many African states, including Niger, continue to face poverty and underdevelopment.

Burkina Faso’s young, charismatic leader Ibrahim Traore recently spoke at the Russia-Africa summit in St. Petersburg and decried the fact that Africa is resource-rich, but its people are poor, and criticized African leaders seeking hand-outs from the west, as they perpetuate dependency and poverty. He also described what is being imposed on Africa as a form of slavery, stating:

“As far as what concerns Burkina Faso today, for more than eight years we’ve been confronted with the most barbaric, the most violent form of imperialist neo-colonialism. Slavery continues to impose itself on us. Our predecessors taught us one thing: a slave who cannot assume his own revolt does not deserve to be pitied. We do not feel sorry for ourselves, we do not ask anyone to feel sorry for us.”

France’s inability to justify its presence in Africa with a coherent narrative further complicates the situation. Paris cannot openly confess its greed, feign a “civilizing mission,” or admit to any responsibility due to its past crimes. This lack of purpose weakens French power on the continent, leading to violence and poverty in its wake.

West Africa’s drive for further independence has left Atlanticists concerned about the opening this leaves for Eurasian powers like Russia and China to increase their influence in Africa. The west’s reaction reflects a lack of respect for the sovereignty of African countries, viewing the continent merely as a theater to maintain global dominance.

Since the Ukraine war’s onset in early 2022, Atlanticists have expressed alarm over the unwillingness of Global South states to support the west’s anti-Russia policies, a trend further amplified by the shift to multipolarism everywhere. This weakening of western hegemony has opened a path for many nations to avidly explore their geopolitical options and diversify their economies.

A report from the Munich Security Conference held in February highlighted this very real schism with the west:

“Many countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America have steadily lost faith in the legitimacy and fairness of an international system which has neither granted them an appropriate voice in global affairs, nor sufficiently addressed their core concerns. To many states, these failures are deeply tied to the west. They find that the western-led order has been characterized by post-colonial domination, double standards, and neglect for developing countries’ concerns.”

Fleeced by the CFA Franc

The aftermath of the Second World War marked a significant shift in global power dynamics, and the victorious powers sought to establish a new world order that would maintain peace and promote economic balance. 

In the context of African colonies, where colonial troops played a major role in the allied victory, the victorious powers, including France, aimed to retain economic control and benefit from their former colonies even as the world moved towards decolonization.

This included the establishment of new currency systems, with French leader Charles De Gaulle creating two currencies collectively known as the CFA Franc in 1945 for former colonies in the Western and Central zone.

As the push for political independence grew stronger in the late 1950s, France organized referendums in its African colonies to vote on accepting a constitution drafted by the French. 

Guinea, led by former trade unionist Sekou Toure, opposed accepting the French constitution and voted overwhelmingly against it. In a furious response, De Gaulle’s government withdrew all French administrators from Guinea and took action to sabotage the country’s infrastructure and resources. The harsh measures by Paris aimed to serve as an example of what would happen to any former French colony that resisted France’s agenda.

During the Cold War, the Communist states exploited such actions by presenting themselves as liberators and allies of African countries that sought independence from European influence. This stance has led to some Africans viewing countries like Russia as more equitable partners compared to France.

Over the years, France has demonstrated a pattern of intervening militarily – over 50 times since 1960 – in African countries to secure governments that remain compliant with French economic interests, particularly related to the continued use of the CFA Franc.

The system by which the CFA Franc operates has historically been one of a fixed exchange rate where the currency has unlimited convertibility but is permanently pegged to the French currency, previously the Franc and then the Euro. 

African currency under French control

This means that African countries cannot influence the value of their own currency, and the difference in value makes it so that France can buy African products artificially cheap while Africans are able to buy fewer goods with the money they exchange.

Worse yet, France had requirements to store, and thus profit from, the foreign reserves owned by its former colonies, though the requirement of holding 50 percent of their foreign exchange reserves in a French-ran bank was dropped for the western zone in 2019. 

Under this scheme, African states received a nominal amount of interest, but the bank benefited from lending that capital out at higher rates and attaining massive profits off of African resources and labor. This is despite the fact that many countries in Francophone Africa are major gold exporters and thus have a multitude of options for storing wealth to back a currency in alternative central banks.

While the CFA Franc system has provided some benefits in terms of stability and preventing Zimbabwean-style hyperinflation, it has also come under scrutiny for imposing requirements on African countries that are not placed on more powerful nations. The lack of control over their own currency has hindered economic growth and made these countries vulnerable to global economic shocks.

Northern African states such as Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco chose to leave the CFA Franc upon gaining independence and have experienced relatively higher prosperity. Similarly, Botswana’s success with its own national currency demonstrates that proper management can lead to stable democracy and economic growth, even for less developed nations.

Exclusive rights and privileges

The CFA Franc system has been the geopolitical equivalent of one’s father insisting he manages their savings while leaving them out of his will. There are benefits to having a trade and currency zone, such as the current ECOWAS union that covers the Western part of the continent, but by design under the CFA Franc system, independence has been an illusion by which France has fleeced these countries. 

France has been dependent on Africa for its status as a world power for more than a century. Among other privileges it has carved out for itself in post-colonial treaties, France has had the exclusive right to sell military equipment to former colonies, and enjoys the first right to any natural resources discovered. Paris makes great use of these privileges: as just one example, 36.4 percent of France’s gas is sourced from the African continent.

Moreover, a vast network of French business interests, which include major multinational companies, dominate industries such as energy, communications, and transportation in many African countries. France’s government also supports French businesses in Africa in several ways, including through an enormous public company called COFACE which guarantees French exports into these underdeveloped markets. 

Towards independence and self-reliance

This economic dependence has contributed to the perpetuation of a system where African states remain weak, pliant, and reliant on resource exports, primarily benefiting French companies and interests. Additionally, African states are obligated to ally with France in any major conflict, further eroding their national sovereignty. 

The African continent suffers from many ailments, but perhaps the most persistent and nefarious are a lack of sovereignty and access to capital. Meanwhile, much of Europe’s prosperity has been derived from looting the Global South for centuries. 

The case of Brussels, built on the wealth derived from the brutal exploitation of the Congo under Belgian King Leopold II, is a stark reminder of the deep-rooted impact of colonialism. When the monarch’s crimes against humanity were discovered, he was ultimately forced to bequeath the majority of his fortune to the Belgian state upon his death. 

Not wanting to do so, he embarked on an enormous series of public works to spend his ill-gotten gains, creating modern Brussels. Now the EU and NATO meet there and audaciously give disingenuous lectures about universal human rights while surrounded by the profits of some of the most brutal cases of oppression in human history. 

While military governments often face challenges in achieving their stated goals, it is evident that western-backed “civil democracies” have also struggled to significantly improve the security and well-being of the African public. 

The path to solving Africa’s problems lies in transformative leaders who can shrug off the legacy and remaining shackles of colonialism and enable the continent to carve out a genuine, homegrown path to independence and self-reliance.

The views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of The Cradle.

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Canada to stop provision of development assistance to Niger over coup

August 6, 2023

Canada will stop providing Niger with direct development assistance due to the military coup that took place in the central African state.

Supporters of Niger’s ruling junta, gather for a protest called to fight for the country’s freedom and push back against foreign interference, in Niamey, Niger, August 3, 2023 (AP)

Canada is suspending any direct development assistance to the government of Niger due to the Nigerien coup d’etat, Global Affairs Canada said Saturday.

“In response to the attempted coup d’état in Niger, the Honourable Mélanie Joly, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and the Honourable Ahmed Hussen, Minister of International Development announced today that Canada will suspend development assistance that directly supports the Government of Niger,” Ottawa said in a statement.

“In the current context, it would be impossible to maintain direct support to the Government of Niger while ensuring an effective and intentional use of funds,” the ministry added.

The Canadian ministry underlined that only direct budgetary assistance would be suspended, but aid in other areas, such as “health, education, economic and gender equality assistance to the poorest and most vulnerable populations,” would continue.

Ottawa went on to underline its solidarity with the people of Niger and support for “democracy, peace, inclusive governance, and the rule of law”. It also stressed its support for the mediation efforts being made by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).

Under ECOWAS, a number of countries affiliated with Paris gave the country a seven-day ultimatum earlier this week: either surrender the coup by Sunday, August 6 or face military action.

ECOWAS has resorted to implementing a full pressure campaign on the country, which included the closure of land and air borders between the bloc’s countries and Niger, the suspension of all commercial and financial transactions with it, and the freezing of the country’s assets in ECOWAS Central Banks. 

The bloc also suspended all financial aid to Niger, froze the assets of the coup leaders, their families, and supporters, and imposed a ban on commercial flights to and from the country.

In response to the escalated measures, Burkina Faso and Mali denounced the “illegal, illegitimate and inhumane sanctions against the people and authorities of Niger,” voicing their support to their “brotherly nation”.

Canada concluded its statement by calling on the junta in Niger to release former President Mohamed Bazoum and his family and “restore the democratically elected government.”

ECOWAS had given Niger’s coup leaders one week to reinstate Bazoum or threatened to use “all measures”, including military, to “restore order” in the African nation.

Originally, the ECOWAS bloc consisted of  Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cote d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo. 

But many countries have witnessed coups causing them to defect from the Western-sponsored bloc, the latest of which is Niger.

The bloc dispatched a mission to Niger on Thursday in search of an “amicable resolution”, but Reuters cited an informed source as saying that the meeting with coup leaders generated no headway.

On July 26, the Nigerien presidential guard overthrew Bazoum. The guard’s commander, Abdourahmane Tchiani, proclaimed himself the country’s new leader.

The military chiefs of the Economic Community of West African States met to discuss options for military intervention in Niger. The goal of the meeting reportedly is to outline a plan for the intervention, its strategy, logistical aspects, and timetable.

Correspondingly, military leaders in Niger have warned against any armed intervention in their country, stressing that they will “resolutely defend their homeland.”

The interim governments of Mali and Burkina Faso warned that any military intervention against Niger would be considered a declaration of war against them.

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Nigeria’s largest opposition bloc slams military plans against Niger

Aug 6, 2023

Source: Agencies

Nigeria army officers patrol in Lagos on February 21, 2023, ahead of the last Nigerian presidential elections (AFP)

By Al Mayadeen English

The country’s Senate urges the president to reconsider military action threats against Niger as Sunday deadline arrives.

Pressure is growing on Nigerian President Bola Tinubu by opposition parties to reconsider military action against neighboring Niger, ahead of the Sunday deadline to reinstate ECOWAS-backed President Mohamed Bazoum.

The military takeover in Niger was the latest in a series of rebellions led by African young leaders against governments imposed by France as part of its colonial efforts, including the recent coups in Burkina Faso and Mali and public protests in Senegal.

The uranium-rich nation is showing no signs of giving in to military threats by French-affiliated African governments, as the new widely popular leadership announced earlier that it “resolutely defend their homeland.”

Read more: Niger braces for ECOWAS deadline; no signs of giving in to threats

Behind closed doors, Nigeria’s Senate met on Saturday to discuss the developing situation.

According to the country’s constitution, any foreign military actions or combat engagement must be approved by the upper chamber, unless the president deems national security is under “imminent threat or danger”.

“The Senate calls on the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria as chairman of ECOWAS to further encourage other leaders of ECOWAS to strengthen the political and diplomatic options,” the Senate’s President Godswill Akpabio told reporters after the talks.

Innocent citizens

Senators representing states in northern Nigeria – seven states of which collectively share around 1,500 km of borders with Niger – have urged against taking military steps until all other political options are exhausted.

Northern regions also share deep historical ties with southern Niger areas, including social, religious, and cultural relations, in addition to trade links and linguistic heritages.

“The consequences will be casualties among the innocent citizens who go about their daily business,” Suleiman Kawu Sumaila, spokesman for the Northern Senators Forum said, just after ECOWAS announced its ultimatum for Niger.

Sumaila also warned that a conflict in Niger risks a widespread insurgence of terrorist groups along the Sahel region.

“We are also aware of the situation of Mali, Burkina Faso and Libya, which may affect the seven Northern states if military force is used,” he said.

Nigeria would face serious repercussions “if military force is used without exhausting all the diplomatic channels”.

Read more: ECOWAS defense chiefs prepare possible intervention plan in Niger

A thoughtless decision

The mounting fears among Nigerian parties were also voiced by the country’s largest opposition bloc, which slammed plans for a military operation against Niger as “absolutely thoughtless”.

“The Nigerian military have been overstretched over the years battling terrorism and all manners of insurgency that are still very active,” the Coalition of United Political Parties said Saturday.

In parallel to battling terrorist militants in the northeast, Nigeria’s security forces are preoccupied across the country also fighting organized crimes across the country and separatist groups in the southeast.

The country’s dire economic state, which plunged deeper after the government’s decision to lift fuel subsidies last May, is also a risk factor that threatens to escalate in case Nigeria goes to war with its neighbor.

“Nigeria, in its current socioeconomic state, cannot afford such a costly intervention,” the coalition argued.

“President Bola Tinubu should avoid plunging Nigeria’s fragile economy into more depression by intervening militarily in another country.”

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From periphery to priority: Africa as a key arena for Russia’s ambitions

AUG 2, 2023

Last week’s Russia-Africa summit highlighted their shared interest to cooperate against western dominance. While Moscow leads the fight, Africans are eager to play a role in shaping the new multipolar order.

Photo Credit: The Cradle

Mohamad Hasan Sweidan

Since the start of this year, Russia has shown a remarkable commitment to engaging with Africa, with Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov making three visits to the continent. These diplomatic efforts underscore the increasing importance Moscow places on cooperation with African countries.

This was expressed by Russian President Vladimir Putin in his recent article published on the Kremlin website on 24 July under the title “Russia and Africa: Joining efforts for peace, progress and a successful future” where he stated:
“We highly value the honestly-gained capital of friendship and cooperation, traditions of trust, and mutual support that Russia and African countries share. We are brought together by a common desire to shape a system of relations based on the priority of international law, respect for national interests, indivisibility of security, and recognition of the central coordinating role of the United Nations.”
The response from African countries has been unprecedented, particularly evident at the second Russia-Africa summit held on 27-28 July. An astounding 49 out of 54 African nations actively participated in the summit, indicating a significant development in the relations between the two parties.

Russian interests in Africa

This heightened engagement comes in spite of the war in Ukraine, which reshaped the geopolitical landscape and emphasized the importance of expanding cooperation with Africa amidst the global competition for positions and influence.

The Russian Foreign Policy Concept, issued in late March, recognized the importance of “strengthening and deepening Russian-African cooperation in various spheres on a bilateral and multilateral basis.” 

What makes Moscow’s outreach particularly noteworthy is that it extends beyond countries with immediate strategic interests or abundant resources. Notably, Russia has reached out to smaller African states, such as Eswatini, highlighting its intent to strengthen its influence and build a positive image across the entire continent.

The African response to Russia’s calls for closer ties has grown substantially. The Second International Parliamentary Conference “Russia-Africa” saw an increased participation of 40 delegations from African countries in March 2023, compared to 36 delegations in the previous conference held in 2019.

Similarly, the second Russia-Africa summit witnessed the attendance of 49 African nations in July, compared to 43 countries in the inaugural summit in 2019.

These developments are especially significant as African countries face mounting pressure from western powers to cut ties with Moscow due to the conflict in Ukraine. According to Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov, western states, particularly the US and France, were exerting “unprecedented pressure” on African countries ahead of the Russia-Africa summit in St Petersburg.

Aid and Trade

Trade exchange between Russia and Africa increased between 2020 and 2022, after the first Russia-Africa summit, increasing from $14 billion to $18 billion, and is expected to double in 2030.   While Russia’s trade with continental Africa is still relatively modest, four countries stand out as crucial partners: Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and South Africa, accounting for 70 percent of the total trade.

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Africa’s top trade partners

Despite being at the bottom of Africa’s list of trading partners and contributing only 1 percent of foreign direct investment to the continent, Russia’s Africa policy is evolving rapidly. The Kremlin has recognized the increasing importance of Africa and sought new partnerships globally while deepening existing cooperation in the face of massive western sanctions.

One significant effort by Russia to strengthen ties with Africa is its commitment to education. In 2023, Russia offered a record 4,700 scholarships to African students, a considerable increase from the 1,900 scholarships awarded in 2019.

Furthermore, Russia has emerged as the top arms supplier to Africa, accounting for 44 percent of major arms imports to the region between 2017 and 2021. This dominance surpasses other major players like the US (17 percent), China (10 percent), and France (6.1 percent).

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Russian presence in Africa

At the recent Russia-Africa summit, President Putin emphasized Russia’s commitment to military-technical cooperation by signing agreements with over 40 African countries and providing them with various weapons and equipment. Some of these deals even involved providing aid free of charge, demonstrating Russia’s commitment to supporting African nations in their fight against terrorism.

 Breaking free from neocolonial exploitation

In today’s rapid geopolitical transformations, Africa has emerged as an arena for competing major powers. Amidst this struggle for influence, Russia and African countries have found common ground in their shared interest to cooperate against western dominance.
Moscow positions itself as a leader of the anti-western resistance, while African states see an opportunity to break free from the shackles of western colonialism and assert their voices in shaping the new multipolar order.

To understand the dynamics of the current Russian-African relationship, historical context is essential. The legacy of western colonial policies remains a pivotal element in the cooperation between Moscow and African states.

Many African countries identify with Russia’s vision of a multipolar world, seeking a more equitable presence in global affairs. Russia deftly capitalizes on this anti-colonial sentiment, presenting itself as an attractive partner aligned with the interests of the Global South, particularly Africa.

Recent Russia-Africa summits have provided a platform for Moscow and its African partners to criticize the west openly. Leaders like Burkina Faso’s Brahim Traoré used strong anti-colonial rhetoric to emphasize the need to break free from neocolonial exploitation and resource extraction.

In addition to rhetoric, Russia backs its words with action. At the summit, President Putin canceled $23 billion of African debt and pledged increased Russian investment in the continent. Moscow also highlighted its commitment to African food security, contrasting western practices that prioritize developed countries over developing ones.

UN data shows that 45 percent of food exports from Ukraine, exported under the Black Sea Grain Initiative signed between Russia, Ukraine, the UN, and Turkiye, went to developed countries, compared to 49 percent to developing countries.

Only 6 percent of these exports went to the least developed countries, including African countries, the equivalent of approximately 1.4 million tons. Last year, Russia exported 11.5 million tons of cereal to Africa, and nearly another 10 million tons were delivered in the first half of 2023.

Seeking collaborative partnerships

The report from the Munich Security Conference in February highlighted a troubling trend for the west: 
“Many countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America have steadily lost faith in the legitimacy and fairness of an international system which has neither granted them an appropriate voice in global affairs, nor sufficiently addressed their core concerns. To many states, these failures are deeply tied to the west. They find that the western-led order has been characterized by post-colonial domination, double standards, and neglect for developing countries’ concerns.”

As a result, countries in the region are seeking new partners who will approach the relationship as a collaboration rather than a zero-sum game. They have found an appealing alternative in Russia’s engagement, particularly in President Putin’s rhetoric advocating for a fair representation of African countries in international forums like the UN Security Council and G20. Furthermore, Moscow’s commitment to reform global financial and trade institutions to better serve African interests has resonated with these nations, setting the stage for deeper cooperation.

The growing discontent with the western-led system and the allure of alternative partnerships have helped to forge closer ties between the Kremlin and many of Africa’s leaders. This may explain recent events in Niger and before that in Mali, where military coups have redirected the country’s foreign policy away from the west and, in particular former colonial ruler France.

Gaining ground in the Global South

The support of some African countries, such as Burkina Faso, Mali, and Guinea, for the coup in Niger, can be seen as a message of support for expelling the long-standing French influence and presence there.

In Russian geopolitical thought, Africa has become a region of increased importance and opportunity, necessitating stronger cooperation and multifaceted relations. Moscow’s approach to the African continent is built on three main pillars: enhancing influence through cooperation, emphasizing its leading position among anti-western countries, and investing in the region’s abundant resources.

Russia recognizes that the prevailing anti-western sentiment in Africa provides a unique opening to build alliances and advance the cause of liberation from colonial legacies. The ongoing conflict between Russia and the west extends beyond the confines of Ukraine and is now unfolding in various regions, including Africa.

President Putin has skillfully positioned himself as a leader of the resistance against western influence, effectively resonating with many countries in the Global South, including Africa. By aligning itself with Africa’s desire to break free from historical western dominance and colonial influences, Russia has gained significant ground.

The views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of The Cradle.

Burkina Faso, Mali warn Niger intervention declaration of war

Aug 01, 2023

Source: Agencies

Supporters of mutinous soldiers demonstrate outside the burning headquarters of the ruling party in Niamey, Niger, Thursday, July 27 2023. (AP)

By Al Mayadeen English

Since the start of the Ukrainian conflict, the African continent has been swept by a wave of change fueled by a sentiment of anti-Western imperialism. 

In a joint statement issued by the authorities of Burkina Faso and Mali, the two countries warned that any military intervention in Niger to restore deposed President Mohamed Bazoum would constitute a declaration of war against their own countries, adding that the consequences of a military intervention would destabilize the entire Sahel region. 

This comes a day after the new junta in Niger said that its former colonial ruler, France, is looking for ways to intervene militarily to reinstate Bazoum. 

On another note, the leaders of West African members states of  ECOWAS on Sunday threatened to resort to the use of force to reinstate Bazoum and imposed immediate financial sanctions after giving a one-week ultimatum to cede power. 

“Any military intervention against Niger would be tantamount to a declaration of war against Burkina Faso and Mali,” Mali and Burkina Faso said, adding that the “disastrous consequences of a military intervention in Niger… could destabilise the entire region”.

They further expressed their refusal to apply the “illegal, illegitimate and inhumane sanctions against the people and authorities of Niger”.

Read more: Niger coup: Good sign for Chinese investments in the Sahel?

Since the start of the Ukraine war, the African continent has been swept by a wave of change fueled by a sentiment of anti-Western imperialism. 

After Burkina Faso and Mali, Niger is the third country in less than three years to be rocked by a military coup.

Just like those African leaders that were toppled by military juntas, Bazoum was also backed by Western powers.

Former colonizer France and the European Union suspended security cooperation and financial aid to Niger after the coup started, while the US threatened to cut aid as well. 

ECOWAS member-state Guinea said in a separate statement that it disagreed with “the sanctions recommended by ECOWAS, including military intervention” and that it had “decided not to apply these sanctions, which it considers illegitimate and inhumane.”

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Iran Says Respect for Countries’ Territorial Integrity ‘Undeniable’

 July 17, 2023

Nasser Kanaani, Iranian Foreign Ministry Spokesman.

Iran has dismissed the idea of negotiating about its sovereignty over three Persian Gulf islands, saying respecting countries’ sovereignty and territorial integrity is an internationally-recognized principle.

“Respecting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of countries is a recognized and undeniable principle in the world and based on the United Nations Charter, and of course, it is a binding principle for all parties,” Foreign Ministry spokesman Nasser Kanaani said at a weekly press conference on Monday.

The remarks came days after the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and Russia issued a joint statement that challenged Iran’s sovereignty over the three islands of Abu Musa, the Greater Tunb, and the Lesser Tunb.

Kanaani said Iran responds firmly to any act of breaching that principle and regards its sovereignty over the three islands as non-negotiable, adding that Tehran does not accept the interference of any party in this regard.

He pointed out that Iran has officially protested to the Russian government over the joint statement.

“Imprecise and non-constructive positions will not cause any problems in Iran’s national sovereignty over the three islands,” the spokesman added.

‘European prisoners tried based on Iranian laws’

In another part of his press conference, Kanaani discussed the issue of negotiations between Iran and Europe regarding the exchange of Iranian prisoners.

“We believe that the people who are imprisoned in Iran have committed crimes and violated Iran’s national laws, and [therefore], they were interrogated and tried based on Iran’s laws,” he said.

He also emphasized that pardoning a prisoner who has committed a crime is not a duty, but Iran has acted based on humanitarian principles in a significant number of such cases.

Dipping into Iran’s assets ‘clear example of banditry’

Regarding US efforts to block Iranian assets in various countries, the spokesperson of the Iranian Foreign Ministry said, “Iran will not tolerate any illegal action by the US to dip into the assets and properties of the Iranian nation.”

He said the move is a “clear example of banditry,” adding that Iran expects all countries to ignore such demands and adhere to their international responsibility.

US responsible for current situation of JCPOA

Kanaani referred to the indirect negotiations between Iran and the United States, saying that the Islamic Republic will not neglect diplomatic opportunities to maintain the Iranians’ rights and that Tehran has proved its eagerness to accept and make use of the capacity of amicable states that are keen on assisting the Islamic System in achieving a constructive accord.

He went on to say that the US is responsible for the current situation of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA); and of course, the US administration is the one who should be held accountable for ensuring a return of all signatories to the JCPOA.

Conclusion of the outstanding issues in the future is possible; however, it is up to the United States to make political decisions in this respect, Kanaani argued.

Hosting MKO example of supporting terrorism

Regarding Italy’s recent action to support Mujahedin-e-Khalq Organization (MKO) terrorist group, Kanaani said that Iran has taken official, serious, and urgent measures in this regard.

“Hosting MKO terrorists by any government cannot be defended or justified.”

He noted that hosting MKO members and leaders is a clear example of supporting terrorism and is in contrast with the international responsibility of governments to fight terrorism and the European countries’ human rights claims.

Iran has shown a serious reaction to this issue by summoning the Italian ambassador and expressing its position clearly, he stated.

We will continue the legal prosecution of the MKO members and leaders, he stressed.

Africa one of Iran’s priorities

Regarding President Ebrahim Raisi’s trip to three African countries, Kanaani said that the expansion of relations with Africa is among Iran’s priorities.

This was the first trip of an Iranian president to Africa after a decade, he added.

Iranian companies in the field of extraterritorial cultivation are interested in participating in African countries, he noted.

There are new plans to reinforce relations with Africa, he said, adding that Iran is on the verge of establishing a new relationship with Africa.

Iran calls for end of Russia-Ukraine conflict

The diplomat also emphasized that any measure that exacerbates the conflict in Ukraine is considered unconstructive and is against international peace and security, so Iran does not see any move by each side to fan the flame of war in Ukraine in favor of any party.

The Islamic Republic censures anti-Iran accusations because Tehran calls for the end of the war; thus, we underline the need for finding a political solution to the issue, Kanaani noted.

Those who play a role in the Russia-Ukraine conflict and are shipping prohibited arms to Ukraine should not make accusations against Iran.

Oman FM visit to Tehran

Touching on Oman’s foreign minister’s visit to Tehran on Monday, he said that Oman is a friendly state when it comes to regional and national issues and that Muscat plays a constructive role in international issues of mutual interest.

Kanaani went on to say that Sayyid Badr Albusaidi’s visit is definitely an opportunity for constructive dialogue between the two countries, and hopefully, we can share more information after today’s talks with the Omani official.

Five-way meeting on Lebanon

On a five-way meeting on the political circumstances in Lebanon and what has been reported by media outlets about inviting Iran to the meeting, Kanaani said, the Islamic Republic considers foreign interference in the Arab country’s internal affairs as unconstructive and an obstacle in the way of the Lebanese people’s role in determining their fate; however, we are of the opinion that foreign parties’ assistance toward political stability based on the Lebanese people’s desires can be positive.

He also concluded that Iran has not yet received any information on being invited to the five-way meeting on Lebanese elections in the Qatari capital Doha.

Iran, Pakistan on good path to boost ties

Kanaani described a recent visit of the commander of the Pakistani army to Iran as a continuation of constructive cooperation between the two countries, including in the field of military and defense based on their mutual interests, as well as the establishment of security at the common borders and implementation of past agreements.

“Thanks to the strong political will of Iran and Pakistan, our impression is that we are on the good path to strengthen the relations between the two countries,” he said.

Presence of separatists threat to security of Iran, Iraq

The spokesman pointed to a security agreement between Iran and Iraq and criticized the shortcomings on the part of the Baghdad government to implement it.

“As the Iraqi government recently announced, it has reached an agreement with the authorities of the northern region of that country to ensure the security of the borders with Iran,” he said, referring to the Kurdistan region.

He said Iran welcomes any action toward implementation of the security agreement and expects Iraq to fulfill its obligations.

“The security of the common borders is in the interest of both sides, and we continue to emphasize that the continued presence of terrorist and separatist groups on the borders of both sides is a threat to the security of Iran and Iraq,” he added.

Source: Agencies

Wagner’s Prigozhin tells Al Mayadeen Ukraine counteroffensive underway

June 08, 2023

Wagner PMC took the lion’s share in the year-long battle leading to the full control of Russia over the city of Bakhmut in the Donetsk region

By Al Mayadeen English 

Wagner PMC founder and chief Yevgeny Prigozhin tells Al Mayadeen English that Ukraine’s counteroffensive is beginning as the latter pushes toward Russia in a series of attacks on Russian targets.

The events taking place in Ukraine forebode a Ukrainian counteroffensive as Kiev ups its efforts, as was expected, Russian Wagner Private Military Group Yegevny Prigozhin said answering Al Mayadeen English’s questions on Thursday hours after Ukrainian attacks took place in Zaparozhye.

“I think that the events that are currently taking place at the front are the beginning of a Ukrainian counteroffensive, which is currently ramping up its efforts as expected,” Prigozhin told Al Mayadeen English in an audio recording.

In response to a question about Russia’s expected performance regarding the long-awaited counteroffensive set to be carried out by Ukraine in the spring, Prigozhin said “We will see in the near future… how Russia will deal with it. I hope it does well, I’m counting on it.”

The Ukrainian attacks conducted on Zaparozhye were preceded by artillery strikes.

Moreover, the attacks, according to drone footage taken Wednesday during the Ukrainian offensive on the front, saw the usage of at least two German-made Leopard 2 tanks, as well as several armored personnel carriers, including US-made M113s.

The images represent the first visual confirmation that Ukrainian forces are employing Leopard 2 tanks in active combat.

It is worth noting that Wagner PMC took the lion’s share in the year-long battle leading to the full control of Russia over the city of Bakhmut in the Donetsk region, taking thousands of casualties in the process, Prighozin said earlier.

Wagner’s shows African people how to fight against aggression 

Responding to a question posed by Al Mayadeen English about Wagner’s efforts in Africa, the company’s founder underlined that Wagner plays a major role in Africa, saying it shows the African people that they can fight against the aggression of foreign powers.

“PMC Wagner shows the African peoples that they can fight against external aggression, as well as against the actions of terrorists and gangs in Africa,” Progizhin told Al Mayadeen English. “Wagner proves that African peoples can be protected.”

He went on to criticize the United Nations’ effort in Africa, saying the UN and other states were not engaged in the continent in this manner. “They only think about how to suck natural resources from the African subsoil.”

Wagner is present in Libya, the Central African Republic, and Mali, among other African states whose governments asked for the help of the Russian PMC.

France has been deeply entrenched in Mali militarily since 2013 under the pretext of countering terrorist activities in the Sahel region after the 2011 intervention in Libya by NATO forces. The country achieved full independence after French troops withdrew from its country on August 15, 2022, following pressure from the Malian government.

Malian Foreign Minister Abdoulaye Diop told Al Mayadeen that France and all its partners needed to realize that Africans were perfectly capable of running their countries and choosing their partners based on their national interests.

Africa is open to establishing partners with anyone in the whole world, and the United States is an important partner, but it must take into consideration the interests and sovereignty of African states, the top Malian diplomat said.

Meanwhile, Diop underlined that Russia was a strategic partner of Mali’s, as Moscow supplied Bamako with everything it asked for within the framework of its confrontation against extremist groups such as ISIS and Al-Qaeda.

Wagner distinct from Western PMCs

Asked about the difference between Wagner and other, Western PMCs, Prigozhin underlined that Western PMCs are private military companies, while the name just stuck with Wagner, but it is different from Western PMCs.

“PMC Wagner is a full-fledged army with aircraft, helicopters, air defense, and so on,” he underlined.

“If it is necessary to stop a conflict or someone’s aggression somewhere, Wagner PMC can easily deal with the issue in territories comparable to the territory of the Congo, Sudan, and other large African countries.”

Wagner is known for its efforts in Ukraine alongside the Russian armed forces and in other states throughout Africa alongside the government forces.

As part of the war in Ukraine, several US PMCs were seen to be on the ground in the country. Following the beginning of the war in Ukraine, former American marines established a private military company in the US, Mozart Group, which aims to train Ukrainian soldiers and participate in the ongoing fight against Russian forces.

Mozart deployed on the frontlines in Ukraine three teams of US veterans, each team accumulating nearly $100,000 of expenses monthly according to the group’s leader ex-US Marine officer Andy Milburn, The Intercept reported.

Reports say the head of Mozart Milburn managed the group “in a manner which has caused senior Ukrainian military officers to remark ‘can’t he go home and stop saving our country.’”

Moreover, Blackwater‘s founder, a private mercenary who has massacred scores of Iraqis and is despised in Iraq more than the US soldiers themselves, established earlier another private military company called Reflex Responses – or R2 – after he sold Blackwater to investors as an escape from controversy.

The Wagner PMC, also known as the Wagner Group, is a Russian paramilitary organization or a private military company founded by Yevgeny Prigozhin that operates closely with the Russian Armed Forces that first emerged in 2014 when it helped Russia with the reunification effort with Crimea.

Wagner also operated and still operates in the Donbass People’s Republics, namely Donetsk and Lugansk, as part of Russia’s effort in the region.

Russia & NATO

As the Draconian Western-led sanctions on Russia exacerbate the economic crisis worldwide, and as Russian troops gain more ground despite the influx of military aid into Ukraine, exposing US direct involvement in bio-labs spread across Eastern Europe and the insurgence of neo-Nazi groups… How will things unfold?

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UN warns of collapse as Sudan fighting enters third week

29 Apr 2023

Source: Agencies

By Al Mayadeen English 

The United Nations belies that the situation in Sudan will see the country collapsing as violence enters its third week between the country’s warring factions.

Smoke rises in Khartoum, Sudan, Saturday, April 29, 2023 (AP)

Warplanes on bombing flights received intense anti-aircraft fire above Khartoum on Saturday, as the conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) reached its third week, breaching a recently restored truce.

Since April 15, battles have erupted between army chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan’s forces and his number two, RSF commander Mohamed Hamdan Daglo (Hemedti).

While the number of dead civilians keeps rising and chaos and lawlessness engulf Khartoum, a city of five million people where many have been confined to their homes without food, water, or electricity, they have repeatedly agreed to ceasefires that have failed to yield many results. 

To escape the fighting, tens of thousands of people have been displaced from their homes in Sudan or have made difficult journeys to neighboring Chad, Egypt, South Sudan, and Ethiopia.

“There is no right to go on fighting for power when the country is falling apart,” UN chief Antonio Guterres the Al Arabiya television.

Al-Burhan and Dagalo have agreed to multiple fragile truces since the start of the fighting, with each side blaming the other for violating them.

The United States, Saudi Arabia, the African Union, and the United Nations mediated the agreement to the most recent three-day truce, which will end at midnight on Sunday.

Guterres voiced his support for the African-led mediation efforts. “My appeal is for everything to be done to support an African-led initiative for peace in Sudan,” he told Al Arabiya.

Meanwhile, the Pentagon said it had “deployed US intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance assets to support air and land evacuation routes which Americans are using.”

Britain said it was ending its evacuation flights, after airlifting more than 1,500 people this week.

The World Food Programme has warned that the clashes could plunge millions more into hunger in a country where 15 million people –one-third of the population – already need aid to stave off famine.

The unstable security situation in Sudan is slowly taking its toll on the economy: especially in regard to food products, according to a report by The Guardian

Locals have forsaken their day-to-day jobs out of fear of getting caught in the cross-fire. The Guardian correspondent reports that Omdurman’s open-air market, which used to be an economic hub for the exchange of goods, has had half of its stalls closed. 

Ever since the violence broke out, causing fuel stations to close down, fuel prices have spiked impacting by extension the prices of all other commodities. 

Sudan’s armed forces agreed to extend the ceasefire, which was proposed for an additional 72 hours, to take effect from the expiry date of the current truce.

On the last day of the fourth ceasefire, clashes erupted at several points in Khartoum and plumes of smoke rose in the vicinity of the presidential palace in Khartoum, coinciding with the overflight of warplanes. 

As battles intensified on the ground, the two rival generals took aim at each other in the media, with Al-Burhan identifying the RSF as a militia that aims “to destroy Sudan” in an interview for US-based TV channel Al-hurra.

He also added “mercenaries” were pouring over the border from Chad, Central African Republic, and Niger to fuel the chaos.

In response, Dagalo slammed the army chief in an interview for the BBC, saying he was “not trustworthy” and a “traitor”.

According to the UN, around 75,000 people have been internally displaced as a result of the fighting in Khartoum, the states of Blue Nile and North Kordofan, as well as the western area of Darfur.

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Xi’s ‘Chilling’ Remarks: A Multipolar World Offers Challenges and Opportunities to the Middle East and Africa

March 28, 2023

Chinese President Xi Jinping with Russian President Vladimir Putin. (Photo: Presidential Executive Office of Russia, via Wikimedia Commons)
– Ramzy Baroud is a journalist and the Editor of The Palestine Chronicle. He is the author of six books. His latest book, co-edited with Ilan Pappé, is “Our Vision for Liberation: Engaged Palestinian Leaders and Intellectuals Speak out”. Dr. Baroud is a Non-resident Senior Research Fellow at the Center for Islam and Global Affairs (CIGA). His website is www.ramzybaroud.net

By Ramzy Baroud

The final exchange, caught on camera between visiting Chinese President Xi Jinping and his Russian host and counterpart, Vladimir Putin, sums up the current geopolitical conflict, still in its nascent stages, between the United States and its Western allies on the one hand, and Russia, China and their allies, on the other.

Xi was leaving the Kremlin following a three-day visit that can only be described as historic. “Change is coming that hasn’t happened in 100 years and we are driving this change together,” Xi said while clasping Putin’s hand.

“I agree,” Putin replied while holding Xi’s arm. ‘Please take care, dear friend,” he added.

In no time, social media exploded by sharing that scene repeatedly. Corporate western media analysts went into overdrive, trying to understand what these few words meant.

“Is that part of the change that is coming, that they will drive together?” Ian Williamson raised the question in the Spectator. Though he did not offer a straight answer, he alluded to one: “It is a chilling prospect, for which the west needs to be prepared.”

Xi’s statement was, of course, uttered by design. It means that the Chinese-Russian strong ties, and possible future unity, are not an outcome of immediate geopolitical interests resulting from the Ukraine war, or a response to US provocations in Taiwan. Even before the Ukraine war commenced in February 2022, much evidence pointed to the fact that Russia and China’s goal was hardly temporary or impulsive. Indeed, it runs deep.

The very language of multipolarity has defined both countries’ discourse for years, a discourse that was mostly inspired by the two countries’ displeasure with US militarism from the Middle East to Southeast Asia; their frustration with Washington’s bullying tactics whenever a disagreement arises, be it in trade or border demarcations; the punitive language; the constant threats; the military expansion of NATO and much more.

One month before the war, I argued with my co-writer, Romana Rubeo, that both Russia and China might be at the cusp of some kind of unity. That conclusion was drawn based on a simple discourse analysis of the official language emanating from both capitals and the actual deepening of relations.

At the time, we wrote,

“Some kind of an alliance is already forming between China and Russia. The fact that the Chinese people are taking note of this and are supporting their government’s drive towards greater integration – political, economic and geostrategic – between Beijing and Moscow, indicates that the informal and potentially formal alliance is a long-term strategy for both nations”.

Even then, like other analysts, we did not expect that such a possibility could be realized so quickly. The Ukraine war, in itself, was not indicative that Moscow and Beijing will grow closer. Instead, it was Washington’s response, threatening and humiliating China, that did most of the work. The visit by then-US House Speaker, Nancy Pelosi, to Taiwan in August 2022 was a diplomatic disaster. It left Beijing with no alternative but to escalate and strengthen its ties with Russia, with the hope that the latter would fortify its naval presence in the Sea of Japan. In fact, this was the case.

But the “100 years” reference by Xi tells of a much bigger geopolitical story than any of us had expected. As Washington continues to pursue aggressive policies – with US President Joe Biden prioritizing Russia and his Republican foes prioritizing China as the main enemy of the US – the two Asian giants are now forced to merge into one unified political unit, with a common political discourse.

“We signed a statement on deepening the strategic partnership and bilateral ties which are entering a new era,” Xi said in his final statement.

This ‘no-limits friendship’ is more possible now than ever before, as neither country is constrained by ideological confines or competition. Moreover, they are both keen on ending the US global hegemony, not only in the Asia and Pacific region, but in Africa, the Middle East and, eventually, worldwide as well.

On the first day of Xi’s visit to Moscow, Russia’s President Putin issued a decree in which he has written off debts of African countries worth more than $20 billion. Moreover, he promised that Russia is “ready to supply the whole volume sent during the past time to African countries particularly requiring it, from Russia free of charge ..,” should Moscow decide “not to extend the (grain) deal in sixty days”.

For both countries, Africa is a major ally in the upcoming global conflict. The Middle East, too, is vital. The latest agreement, which normalized ties between Iran and Saudi Arabia is earth-shattering, not only because it ends seven years of animosity and conflict, but because the arbitrator was no other than China itself. Beijing is now a peace broker in the very Middle East which was dominated by failed US diplomacy for decades.

What this means for the Palestinians remains to be seen, as too many variables are still at work. But for these global shifts to serve Palestinian interests in any way, the current leadership, or a new leadership, would have to slowly break away from its reliance on western handouts and validation, and, with the support of Arab and African allies, adopt a different political strategy.

The US government, however, continues to read the situation entirely within the Russia-Ukraine war context. US Secretary of State Antony Blinken responded to Xi’s trip to Moscow by saying that “the world should not be fooled by any tactical move by Russia, supported by China or any other country, to freeze the war (in Ukraine) on its own terms.” It is rather strange, but also telling that the outright rejection of the potential call for a ceasefire was made by Washington, not Kyiv.

Xi’s visit, however, is truly historic from a geopolitical sense. It is comparable in scope and possible consequences to former US President Richard Nixon’s visit to Beijing, which contributed to the deterioration of ties between the Soviet Union and China under Chairman Mao Zedong.

The improved relationship between China and the US back then helped Washington further extend its global dominance, while putting the USSR on the defensive. The rest is history, one that was rife with geostrategic rivalry and divisions in Asia, thus, ultimately, the rise of the US as the uncontested power in that region.

Nixon’s visit to Beijing was described by then-Ambassador Nicholas Platt as “the week that changed the world”. Judging that statement from an American-centric view of the world, Platt was, in fact, correct in his assessment. The world, however, seems to be changing back. Though it took 51 years for that reversal to take place, the consequences are likely to be earth-shattering, to say the least.

Regions that have long been dominated by the US and its western allies, like the Middle East and Africa, are processing all of these changes and potential opportunities. If this geopolitical shift continues, the world will, once again, find itself divided into camps. While it is too early to determine, with any degree of certainty, the winners and losers of this new configuration, it is most certain that a US-western-dominated world is no longer possible.

ISRAEL’S HUMILIATING EXPULSION FROM AU SUMMIT EXPOSES ITS FAILED DIPLOMACY IN AFRICA

MARCH 22ND, 2023

Source

By Ramzy Baroud

The scene of Israeli Ambassador Sharon Bar-Li, along with other Israeli delegates, being escorted out of the opening ceremony of the African Union Summit in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, on February 18, was historical—in a few seconds, the very moment that was meant to crown twenty years of Israeli diplomacy on the African continent turned to represent Israel’s failure in Africa.

Unable to fathom the breakdown of its diplomatic and political efforts, Tel Aviv responded to Bar-Li’s removal by waging a war of words against African countries, accusing them of spearheading a campaign to block Israel’s observer status.

Referring to a “small number of extremist states like South Africa and Algeria,” a spokesperson for the Israeli foreign ministry alluded to a plot, supposedly hatched by Iran and carried out by African governments that are “driven by hate” for Israel.

The undiplomatic nature of the Israeli foreign ministry language is a major shift compared to the upbeat, diplomatic rhetoric used by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu when he visited Africa to speak at the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in Liberia in 2017.

“Israel is coming back to Africa, and Africa is coming back to Israel,” Netanyahu had said, adding, with a theatrical language and much emphasis on each syllable, “I believe in Africa.”

Netanyahu’s reference to “coming back to Africa” was intended to underscore two points: One, the diplomatic and political return to Africa and, two, an imagined return to the continent as a representation of a shared historical experience.

On the latter, Netanyahu had referenced some drummed-up, shared anti-colonial struggle between Israel and African countries. “Africa and Israel share a natural affinity,” Netanyahu claimed in his speech at the ECOWAS. “We have, in many ways, similar histories. Your nations toiled under foreign rule. You experienced horrific wars and slaughters. This is very much our history.”

On the other hand, the diplomatic’ return’ is more real than imagined. But the diplomatic ties between Israel and many African countries, starting with Ghana in 1956, took place under unique historical circumstances, in which many African countries were still colonized, semi-independent or largely reliant on their former colonizers. For example, Ghana-Israel relations started when Ghana was still called Gold Coast. In fact, the diplomatic accords with Tel Aviv at the time only took place when the Gold Coast received official approval from Britain since the country was still a British colony.

A FAILED CAMPAIGN OF ‘NORMALIZATION’

Before 1973, Israel had full diplomatic ties with 33 African countries. Much of this changed, however, in October of the same year. When Arab countries fought a war against Israel’s colonial expansion, many African countries broke ties with Israel in favor of maintaining their truly historic, economic and spiritual ties with their Arab brethren. It was no wonder that it was the Organization of African Unity – the precursor to the African Union – that first identified Israel’s founding ideology, Zionism, as a form of racism in their 12th ordinary session held in Kampala in 1975.

The so-called ‘peace process’ and the signing of the Oslo Accords between Palestinian leaders and Israel expectedly weakened the stalwart African position towards Palestine, not out of enmity to the Palestinians but due to western pressure and the misconception that peace and justice had finally arrived in Occupied Palestine. It was against this very backdrop that Netanyahu visited Africa and began his campaign of normalization with many African countries.

Israel’s motives in Africa are clear: economic profits and political dividends, particularly pro-Israeli votes at the UN. Years after Israel’s ‘return to Africa,’ neither Africa benefited from the lofty promises made by Tel Aviv to revitalize local economies and to fight desertification, nor did Africa, as a bloc, significantly change its votes in favor of Palestinians’ rights at the UN.

CONFUSION, IF NOT DESPERATION, IN ISRAELI DIPLOMACY

Still, for Netanyahu, the benefits outweigh the disappointments, especially as Tel Aviv fully understands that Africa, more than ever since the Berlin Conference in 1884, has, once more, become a major contested geopolitical space. That’s where the breakdown of Israel’s calculations happened, thus the humiliating episode in Addis Ababa.

Following the removal of the Israeli delegates, Tel Aviv continued to make a case based on technical grounds: that the Israeli ambassador had the proper accreditations, that Israel was officially an observer member of the AU, and so on.

Israel’s observer status has caused a rift among AU members. The approval was granted unilaterally by the Chair of the AU Commission, Moussa Faki Mahamat, in July 2021. As the news spread about Mahamat’s personal decision, many countries protested, and the status was frozen, pending a decision based on a proper democratic process.

Just two days after the Israeli delegation was removed from the Summit, the AU – in fact, Mahamat himself – announced to reporters on February 20 that the Israeli membership “status is suspended until such time as this committee can deliberate,” asserting that “we did not invite Israeli officials to our summit.”

The Israeli response to all of this reflected a general sense of confusion, if not desperation, in Israeli diplomacy.

African countries, however, followed the incident with a clear policy position, delineating that the decision to suspend Israeli membership was not a technical or procedural one. It was, in the words of Clayson Monyela, head of the public diplomacy in South Africa’s Department of International Relations, “an issue of principle.”

Three weeks after the AU decision, the South African parliament voted in favor of a motion that downgrades the country’s embassy in Tel Aviv to a mere liaison office. That decision, too, was a matter of principle, namely as a “first step” that aims to pressure Israel “to comply with human rights, recognize the rights of the Palestinian people (and) their right to exist.”

As geopolitical spaces open for countries in the Global South, due to changing global power dynamics, more countries are daring to challenge the hegemony of former colonial powers. Considering their history of valiant anti-colonial struggles, it is no surprise that African countries are leading this momentum toward national and regional independence.

Ultimately, it took only six years for Africa to prove Netanyahu wrong that Israel “did not return to Africa.” However, it is true that Africa is returning to its anti-colonial roots.

Macron’s Problem Is That He’s Losing Africa but Still Wants to Be a Player

March 9, 2023

Martin Jay is an award-winning British journalist based in Morocco where he is a correspondent for The Daily Mail (UK) who previously reported on the Arab Spring there for CNN, as well as Euronews. From 2012 to 2019 he was based in Beirut where he worked for a number of international media titles including BBC, Al Jazeera, RT, DW, as well as reporting on a freelance basis for the UK’s Daily Mail, The Sunday Times plus TRT World. His career has led him to work in almost 50 countries in Africa, The Middle East and Europe for a host of major media titles. He has lived and worked in Morocco, Belgium, Kenya and Lebanon.

Martin Jay

Viewing Africa with double standards is part of why Africans are breaking their ties with Europe, Martin Jay writes.

The paternalism isn’t uniquely France’s. It’s a malaise of western elites and viewing Africa with double standards is part of why Africans are breaking their ties with Europe.

The row in front of the cameras was thrilling as it was unprecedented. The president of Congo made the point in front of the journalists that France’s foreign minister’s comments about the president’s election being some kind of compromise of democracy was unacceptable as France itself is guilty of election irregularities. But they are not reported with the same zealous paternalism and are not even presented the same way as they are in reality, but distorted by media. Macron responded that the foreign minister’s comments were distorted and that the French media doesn’t represent France, a point which Felix Tshisekedi did not accept at all, which raised a round of applause from the journalists present in Kinshasa.

It was Macron’s last day of his Africa tour and one which he will remember as being a PR disaster. The point of the tour was to shore up support from old allies on the continent but, in this context, it could hardly be a success when you look at the YouTube footage of the DRC press conference.

In so many ways, the speech of Tshisekedi was so pertinent though. It felt like he was trying to avert another catastrophe to prevent his own country going down the same road as Mali, Burkina Faso and probably Chad soon. France is losing its former colonies in Africa faster than Macron can say “FrancAfrique” and Tshisekedi is clearly conscious of this historic time for France.

“Look at us differently by respecting us, by considering us as true partners and not always with a paternalistic look with the idea of always knowing what is necessary for us” Tshisekedi said, wagging his finger at Macron.

“Francafrique no longer exists. We must establish a policy of equals.”

He urged for an equitable relationship between the two nations and pushed France to impose sanctions on Rwanda for the ongoing violent conflict in the country’s Goma area.

But what happened next was both shocking and ominous in how Macron reacted to the problem of militias in Rwanda controlling parts of the Congo’s border region and sums up so perfectly what is wrong with France’s delusional views about itself and even its contemporary history in Africa.

Macron denies all responsibility and waves the finger.

“Since 1994, and it is not France’s fault, I’m sorry to say it in such blunt terms, you have not been able to restore the sovereignty, neither military, nor security, nor administrative, of your country. This is also a reality. We must not look for culprits outside this affair,” said the French President.

The DRC government has accused Rwanda of backing the militia group M23, which re-emerged from dormancy in late 2021, subsequently occupying swathes of territory in North Kivu.

If only Macron’s statement was even half true, perhaps it could garner a shred of ephemeral credibility at the press conference. In fact, it was a bare-faced lie and Macron knew perfectly what he was saying and how he was papering over a genocide in Rwanda which is entirely the fault of France and the government of Mitternand who ordained his son to run an information terror campaign called “Network Zero” which installed so much fear in uneducated Hutus that they took the responsibility of butchering the Tutsis themselves. France set it up, ran it and then washed its hands of it when the then president of Rwanda, an Elysee puppet and a Hutu moderate, was murdered when his plane was shot down in April 1994 on its way back from a peace conference which agreed to re-integrate Tutsis back into Rwanda, an event which sparked the Rwandan genocide itself.

For Macron, he and France had nothing to do with the problems or Rwanda and its militias is like saying that Adolf Hitler was only a bystander in the second world war. Perhaps it is this kind of bare-faced lying which African elites are so tired of when they deal with French leaders?

It is preposterous for Macron to attempt to play such a role at a press conference. This extraordinary French shoulder shrug of abandonment of responsibility, combined with the outdated moral tutelage which most French leaders revel in when dealing with African leaders is appalling on so many levels.

The Rwanda question and who bears responsibility is an important one though as the DRC president firmly points the finger at Macron. Despite Macron himself even admitting that the days of Francafrique being over, few people in Africa itself believe this is a genuine statement and are convinced that France still has strategic interests in the Rwandan regime, despite it being English-speaking and created from a geopolitical shift of a CIA-backed coup in 1994 where the Elysee lost a satellite. Rwanda 1994 was actually the beginning of the end for France’s big role in the continent and yet Macron is still trying to pull the wool over the eyes of the Congolese when he pulls such a shameful stunt as the one at the press conference.